5 Wars America Should Have Never Fought

Robert Farley, author of the Battleship Book and senior lecturer at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky has compiled a list of five wars the U.S. should never have fought.

By: Robert Farley

November 8, 2015
In the debate that preceded the 2003 Iraq War, we became enamored of the distinction between “wars of choice” and “wars of necessity.” Opponents of the Iraq War decried it as a “choice,” while supporters insisted on its “necessity.” Unfortunately, like many aspects of that debate, that framing was entirely wrong; America has faced vanishingly few wars of “necessity,” but some of our wars of “choice” have nevertheless been good choices. Some, sadly, have not.

As we would expect of any country, not all of America’s wars have been wisely fought, and not all of them were wise to fight. Here are five wars that the United States could have, and should have, stayed out of.


War of 1812:

The American Revolutionary War took place against a background of Anglo-French conflict and competition. The French Revolution of 1789 only exacerbated this conflict, threatening to draw the weak, distant American republic into a colossal European War. Although the Adams administration become tangentially embroiled with the French in the late 1790s, the United States largely succeeded in staying out of the war, at least until 1812.

U.S. grievances in the War of 1812 were legitimate, if not overwhelming; British ships were impressing U.S. sailors, and Great Britain was stirring up trouble among Native Americans on the frontier. The war also had an opportunistic element, however, as many American policymakers saw Canada (or what would become Canada) as the unfinished business of the Revolutionary War.

It turned out that the United States was ill-prepared for the conflict. The invasions of Canada failed; U.S. Navy frigates scored some notable successes, but in general the Royal Navy did what it wanted, when it wanted; the British burned the American capital, with only heroic resistance preventing the incineration of Baltimore. The Republic nearly collapsed from internal dissension before Washington and London made peace.

The Black Hills War:

For the first 120 years of its existence, the United States government waged nearly continuous warfare against the Native American tribes that lived on the Western frontier, (and sometimes within U.S. jurisdiction). In some cases these wars came as a result of Indian attacks against settlements; in others, the wars were purely acquisitive efforts to gain territory and resources.

One of the most poorly conceived of these wars began in 1876. The Black Hills War came about because of white settler encroachment on lands allocated, by treaty, to the Cheyenne and Lakota Sioux. The U.S. government was unable (and largely unwilling) to restrict white migration into the Black Hills, and after unproductive negotiation simply decided to seize some of the most valuable area.

The war resulted in one of the most serious U.S. military defeats of the Indian Wars, the annihilation of the Seventh Cavalry at the Battle of Little Bighorn. Eventually, however, a combination of military and diplomatic efforts forced most of the Cheyenne and Sioux to surrender, apart from a portion that fled to Canada. Sporadic fighting would continue for another fifteen years or so. In the end, the U.S. government “pacified” the Cheyenne and Sioux (who were in the process of becoming more agrarian in any case), and assumed full control over the eastern half of what would become South Dakota. The death and destruction caused by the war provided an appropriate coda for U.S. mistreatment of Native American tribes across the 19th century.

The Great War:

When war broke out in Europe in August 1914, American policymakers correctly saw the conflict as primarily a European affair. Despite the fact that the United States had the world’s largest economy, official Washington had not yet come to the conclusion that it bore responsibility for global stability and conflict resolution. Accordingly, the United States watched, and profited from, the slow incineration of European civilization between 1914 and 1917.

President Woodrow Wilson promised, in the 1916 election campaign, to stay out of the war. German submarines and an ill-advised effort on the part of the German foreign service to enlist Mexico’s support in the war changed that position. In eighteen months of war (with the most intense fighting concentrated in the summer of 1918), 116,000 Americans died. Scholars still debate whether U.S. intervention was decisive, but in the end the war resulted in the collapse of four empires (Germany, Russia, Ottoman, Austria-Hungary) and the aggrandizement of two others (Britain and France) without resolving any of the central issues of dispute.

Vietnam War:

From the mid-1940s on, U.S. policymakers kept tabs on the developing war in Southeast Asia. The first stage of this war involved a Vietnamese insurgency against the Japanese occupation. The second stage saw this insurgency transition to fighting against French colonial authorities. After the historic victory of Viet Minh forces at Dien Bien Phu, the French made clear their intent to withdraw.

From that point forward, the United States inexorably drew itself into the conflict. It helped prevent the unification of the country under Communist rule in the 1950s; supported the regime of Ngo Dinh Diem until it didn’t; launched a strategic bombing campaign designed to bring Hanoi to its knees; and finally became engaged directly, on the ground, against Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops.

To what end? The United States withdrew from South Vietnam in 1972, having established a state that could at least, for a time, protect itself against internal guerillas. South Vietnam could not protect itself from the North, however, and a 1975 offensive quickly rolled up the country. That conquest produced tremendous humanitarian suffering, but not much beyond what the war itself had produced in the previous decade. Today, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam enjoys a growing diplomatic, military, and economic relationship with the United States, and may become one of the bulwarks of the American strategy to contain the People’s Republic of China.

Operation Iraqi Freedom:

In 2003, the United States invaded Iraq in order to topple the regime of Saddam Hussein, establish a friendly, democratic state in its place, and prevent the distribution of weapons of mass destruction to Iraqi-affiliated terrorist networks. In hindsight, every aspect of that sentence seems absurd.

The United States won a convincing victory against Iraqi military forces in the first weeks of the war, but could not establish order in the country. Iraq quickly devolved into various stages of civil war, at immense human and economic cost. Extensive investigation in the wake of the invasion found no serious WMD program, and no meaningful contacts with the Al Qaeda terror network.

After a surge of troops in 2007 contributed to a reduction of violence in the country, the United States withdrew most military forces. The new Iraqi government controls some of its territory, but has struggled to contend with ISIS, and remains deeply vulnerable to Iranian influence. The United States itself has become remarkably intervention-averse, with even GOP presidential candidates reluctant to express support for the decision to go to war.

Conclusion:

Avoiding bad wars is perhaps the most important responsibility of leadership. Among George Washington’s chief warnings in his Farewell Address was that the United States should take great care to stay out of unnecessary wars, and aloof from foreign entanglements. America’s leaders would be best advised to pay great heed to this advice when they consider further foreign adventures.

Robert Farley, a frequent contributor to TNI, is author of The Battleship Book. He serves as an Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky. His work includes military doctrine, national security, and maritime affairs. He blogs at Lawyers, Guns and Money and Information Dissemination and The Diplomat.

Remembering the crash of Boxtop Flight 22

News Article / October 30, 2015

By Corporal Michael Thomas, with files from Captain Marsha Dorge and RCAF public affairs

As we approach Remembrance Day, we remember those who served and died during wars in the defence of our nation. However, we also remember those who served – and made the ultimate sacrifice – during times of peace. Their names, including the names of those who died on the Boxtop 22 mission that occurred 24 years ago, are recorded in the Seventh Book of Remembrance – In the Service of Canada – which, along with the other Books of Remembrance, resides in the Memorial Chamber of Parliament’s Peace Tower.

Every year, in the cold and darkness of late October, personnel at Canadian Forces Station Alert on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, gather at a cairn near the runway to remember the crew and passengers of Hercules 130322 who lost their lives during a resupply mission to the station.

On October 30, 1991, at approximately 4:40 p.m., flight 22 of Operation Boxtop – as the biannual resupply mission is called – was on its final approach to the station from Thule Air Force Base in Greenland. As the CC-130 Hercules from 435 Transport and Rescue Squadron, loaded with 3,400 litres of diesel fuel, began its descent, the pilot flying lost sight of the runway.

Moments later, radar contact and communication were lost as the aircraft hit a rocky cliff and crashed approximately 16 kilometres south of the station. The crew of another CC-130 Hercules, also bound for Alert, saw the fires of the crash and identified the location of Boxtop 22.

The crash took the lives of five Canadian Armed Forces members – four died in the crash and one perished before help arrived – and led to the boldest and most massive air disaster rescue mission ever undertaken by the Canadian military in the High Arctic. Thirteen lives were saved.

Within a half hour of the rescue call, a Hercules carrying 12 search and rescue technicians from 440 Search and Rescue Squadron in Edmonton, Alberta, was in the air. It reached the crash site seven and a half hours later, but the SAR technicians couldn’t descend due to the weather. Another Hercules from 413 Search and Rescue Squadron in Greenwood, Nova Scotia, soon joined the search. Meanwhile, search and rescue technicians formed a ground rescue team at Alert and set out overland for the crash site, guided through the darkness and horrendous weather conditions by a Hercules.

The survivors, some soaked in diesel fuel, endured high winds and temperatures between -20C and -30C. Many sheltered in the tail section of the downed aircraft but others were more exposed to the elements.

Finally, the 413 Squadron team finally got a break in the weather and six SAR technicians parachuted into the site more than 32 hours after the crash and began looking for survivors. They were joined soon after by more SAR technicians. When the ground rescue team finally arrived – 21 hours after it had set out – 26 rescuers were on the ground. They warmed and treated the injured and prepared them for medical evacuation. A Twin Huey helicopter from Alert made three trips to bring the survivors back to the station.

Once again this year, personnel at Alert will conduct a parade on October 30 to commemorate the crash. The parade will begin at 4:30 p.m. and continue through the 4:40 p.m. timing when the crash occurred.

“Twenty-four years ago during Operation Boxtop, the Canadian Armed Forces lost five souls – Captain John Couch, Captain Judy Trépanier, Master Warrant Officer Robert Grimsley and Master Corporal Roland Pitre – due to the harshness of the weather here at Alert when their plane crashed in an attempt to resupply the station,” said the acting commanding officer of Canadian Forces Station Alert, Captain Larry Hocken.

“These flights are our lifeline to the rest of Canada. We will remember the five who died [during one of those flights] at our memorial parade, which is dedicated to them. Our hearts still go out to the families who have suffered in this tragic event.”

Petty Officer 1 (retired) Dave Highsted attended the 2010 ceremony and said he had mixed feelings during the event.

“Sadness, for I remembered the death of an old friend and the injuries incurred by three men I had worked with over my years in the communications research trade, but also I felt a great sense of satisfaction at being able to be a participant in the memorial service.

“My last Alert tour was in the spring of 1994 so this was my first opportunity to be on the ground in Alert, and pay my respects personally to those who perished in the crash and remember those who had been so gravely injured on that day almost 20 years ago – a long overdue personal closure.”

The downed Hercules remains at the crash site to this day, preserved by the desert-like Arctic conditions.
The crash toll
Deceased

Captain John Couch, pilot, 435 Transport Squadron, Edmonton, Alberta

Captain Judy Trépanier, logistics officer, Canadian Forces Communication Command Headquarters, Ottawa, Ontario

Master Warrant Officer Tom Jardine, regional services manager CANEX, Canadian Forces Base Trenton, Ontario

Warrant Officer Robert Grimsley, supply technician, Canadian Forces Communication Command Headquarters, Ottawa

Master Corporal Roland Pitre, traffic technician, 435 Squadron
Rescued

Robert Thomson, civilian, Canadian Forces Base Trenton

Susan Hillier, civilian, Canadian Forces Base Trenton

Captain Richard Dumoulin, logistics officer, Canadian Forces Communication Command Headquarters

Captain Wilma DeGroot, doctor, Canadian Forces Base Trenton

Lieutenant Joe Bales, pilot, 435 Squadron

Lieutenant Mike Moore, navigator, 435 Squadron

Master Warrant Officer Marc Tremblay, supply technician, Canadian Forces Communication Command Headquarters

Sergeant Paul West, flight engineer, 435 Squadron

Master Corporal Tony Cobden, communications researcher, 770 Communication Research Squadron, Gander, Newfoundland

Master Corporal David Meace, radio technician, 1 Canadian Division Headquarters and Signal Squadron, Canadian Forces Base Kingston, Ontario

Master Corporal Mario Ellefsen, communications researcher, Canadian Forces Station Leitrim, Ottawa

Master Seaman “Monty” Montgomery, communications researcher, Canadian Forces Station Leitrim

Private Bill Vance, communications researcher, Canadian Forces Station Leitrim
To the rescue

In addition to search and rescue crews from 413 Search and Rescue Squadron, 435 Transport Squadron and 440 Search and Rescue Squadron, a MAJAID (major air disaster) Hercules was dispatched from Edmonton, carrying a medical team and supplies.

Labrador helicopters set out from 424 Transport and Rescue Squadron in Trenton, Ontario, 103 Rescue Unit in Gander, Newfoundland, and 413 Squadron. And three Auroras came from 415 and 405 Maritime Patrol Squadrons in Greenwood to provide the Labradors with “top cover” and to provide navigational aid.

As part of the MAJAID plan, a Twin Huey helicopter was loaded into a Hercules from Edmonton for the evacuation of casualties from the crash site to Alert. As well, American aircraft and crews from Elmendorf, Alaska, assisted where they could in the rescue and evacuation.

Other Hercs from 436 and 429 Transport Squadrons – already in the Arctic for the same resupply mission as the downed aircraft – were later used to move casualties between Alert and Thule, Greenland. And some Hercs, plus a Challenger aircraft from 412 Transport Squadron in Ottawa, flew casualties from Thule back to Edmonton, Ottawa and Trenton.

Back at home, 442 Search and Rescue Squadron resources from Comox, British Columbia, covered Edmonton’s SAR area in case of another emergency and 424 Squadron SAR technicians from Trenton augmented 413 Squadron in Greenwood.

On the ground, military at Canadian Forces Station Alert set up a command post and set to work in support of the rescue effort.

Note: 435 Transport Squadron was located at Canadian Forces Base Edmonton, Alberta, at the time of the Boxtop 22 crash. It is now located at 17 Wing Winnipeg, Manitoba. CFS Alert is part of 8 Wing Trenton, Ontario. The Canadian Joint Operations Command is responsible for conducting Boxtop twice a year, with transport aircraft and aircrew coming from 8 Wing.

The files from Captain Marsha Dorge are taken from her extensive article about the rescue in the Volume 28, Number 1 edition of Sentinel magazine, published in early 1992. Captain Dorge was managing editor of the publication at the time.

Remembering Stanley Park In Wartime

Re-posted from Vancouver’s Stanley Park in wartime

Vancouver, British Columbia — Stanley Park Battery was the first of Vancouver’s Second World War coastal defence batteries: defensive positions specially prepared for heavy guns armed and ready to repel a German or Japanese intrusion into Canada’s Pacific coast. It was located in Stanley Park, a 400 hectare coastal forest on a peninsula within the city boundaries of Vancouver.

E.J. Hughes (1913-2007) Image Courtesy of 15 Field Regiment Royal Canadian Artillery Museum and Archives.

Although the peninsula had been reserved for the defence of the First Narrows and Burrard Inlet in the 19th century, this federally-owned land had been leased to the city for a nominal sum since 1887. Most people knew the peninsula only as a public park.

In 1914, at the start of the First World War, the point of land near Siwash Rock was occupied by a temporary gun battery when an attack by Germany’s East Asia naval squadron was considered likely. During the Second World War, the Japanese navy was regarded as the greatest threat. A concrete, two-gun battery emplacement with supporting structures on Ferguson Point was planned in February 1938, after Parliament approved construction of permanent coast defences for the harbour in early 1937. Vancouver’s role as Canada’s principal Pacific Coast port and as the transcontinental railway’s terminus justified extra protection from hostile warships.

Vancouver’s Town Planning Commission did not approve of the use of Ferguson Point for the battery, calling it “a favourite beauty spot in the park.” The Vancouver Sun joined the opposition, stating that the gun battery could become “a permanent blot on the scenic beauty of the area.” However, the Parks Board had consented to the new installation and the land was federal government property. Federal authorities deemed the battery “essential” for strategic reasons and construction began in mid-February 1938. The fort was completed in November 1939.

Vancouver’s fixed coastal defences were to be manned by the 15th Coast Brigade of Artillery, a local militia regiment. In anticipation of war, the brigade’s 31st Battery occupied the site on August 27, 1939. The Fire Commander’s Orders of October 1942 stated that the Stanley Park Battery was to guard “English Bay and the First Narrows entrance to Burrard Inlet,” and also to act as a detaining battery for ships awaiting inspection and clearance before entering the Port of Vancouver.

An aerial view of the Stanley Park battery depicting late-war concrete housings over the 4.7-inch guns. Photo courtesy 15 Field Regiment Royal Canadian Artillery Museum and Archives.

Like the smaller battery on the north side of the First Narrows, the Stanley Park Battery was authorized to fire on ships that refused to submit to inspection or that sailed into the port without stopping. An examination vessel (X-Vic) was stationed two kilometres west of Ferguson Point to inspect incoming ships. After Point Atkinson’s signal station had identified arriving vessels, they proceeded to the X-Vic to be cleared for entry into the port. Large ships flew recognition signals that identified them as friendly vessels.

The Stanley Park Battery was originally armed with two breech-loading, 6-inch-calibre guns on circular, concrete pedestal mounts. In 1942, they were replaced with 4.7-inch-calibre guns placed forty metres in from the cliff’s edge. Overhead protection and a back wall were added later.

Ammunition was stored in an underground magazine behind the guns and a concrete three-storey battery observation post (BOP) directed the guns’ fire. Personnel in the BOP also maintained communications with other batteries and co-ordinated three searchlights, two of which were placed close to the water, illuminating English Bay at night.

The searchlights and power generators were maintained and operated by the 1st Searchlight Regiment’s 3rd Battery and by military engineers, with a camp for 140 men sitting on the present Third Beach parking lot. All buildings and emplacements were camouflaged, including the BOP, which had an evergreen tree was painted on its front.

With the destruction of most of Japan’s major warships in 1942-43, the threat of an attack by surface vessels on Vancouver diminished. Although Japanese submarines still torpedoed ships and shelled sites along the West Coast, Vancouver’s defences were reduced to maintenance status in 1944.

Stanley Park’s guns and most of the wooden buildings were removed in September 1945; however, The Vancouver District’s army commander continued to occupy the former officers’ mess as his home.

Following the war, the Vancouver Parks Board demanded Ferguson Point’s complete restoration to parkland. In April 1948, the board won this battle and the gun emplacements were levelled and buried. The BOP was demolished later.

These 6-inch guns were installed in Vancouver’s Stanley Park in early 1938 and later relocated to Yorke Island. While many residents, and a local newspaper, objected to the plan, federal authorities deemed the site strategically “essential.” Photo courtesy 15 Field Regiment Royal Canadian Artillery Museum and Archives.

Remnants of the battery still exist today in Stanley Park, but are not obvious to most. The one remaining searchlight position at Siwash Rock is now the base for a viewing platform. On Ferguson Point, only the old officers’ mess survives as a part of today’s Teahouse in Stanley Park Restaurant, a bustling venue with a breathtaking view of the coast.

By Major (Retired) Peter Moogk, PhD, retired Professor Emeritus of history at UBC, and Curator of the Museum and Archives of the 15th Field Regiment, RCA.

Canadian Military Deployment History

This is a copy from a page of my other Blog - www.cafwatch.blogspot.ca


A comprehensive list and short history of Canadian Military Deployments

*Arranged by chronologically by mission/operation/exercise end date

Pre-Confederation Military Conflicts in British/French North America

• The Beaver Wars (17th Century) 
• King William's War (1688-1697) *Part of the Nine-Years War
• Queen Anne's War (1702-1713) *Part of The War of Spanish Succession 
• Father Rale's War (1722-1725) 
• King George's War (1744-1748) *Part of The War of Austrian Succession
• Father Le Loutre's War (1749-1755)
• The French Indian War (1754-1763) *Part of the Seven-Years War & The British Conquest of Canada
• The War of 1812 (1812-1815) 
• The Crimean War (1853-1856) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Indian Rebellion (1857) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• The American Civil War (1861-1865)

Post Confederation Military Conflicts/Operations/Exercises

The Fenian Raids (1866 and 1871)

Andaman Islands Expedition (1867) *Victoria Cross Awarded

The Red River Rebellion (1869-1870)

The North West Rebellion (1885)

The South African War (1899-1902), (The Second Boer War) *Victoria Cross Awarded

The Great War (1914-1918)

• Retreat from Mons (Aug 1914) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Neuve Chapelle (March 10, 1915) 
• Action at St. Eloi (March 14-15, 1915)
• Second Battle of Ypres 
• Battle of Gravenstafel (April 22-23, 1915)
• Battle of St. Julien (April 24 - May 4, 1915) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Frezenberg (May 8-13, 1915)
• Battle of Bellewaerde Ridge (May 24-25, 1915)
• Second Battle of Artois
• Battle of Aubers Ridge (May 9, 1915)
• Battle of Festubert (May 15-27, 1915)
• Second Action at Givenchy (May-June 1915) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Third Battle of Artois
• Battle of Loss (Sept 25 - 8 Oct, 1915)
• Action of Bois Grenier (Sept 25, 1915)
• Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt (Oct 13-19, 1915)
• Action in the Dardanelles (1915-1916)
• Action in Egypt and Palestine (1915-1916)
• Action at St, Eloi Craters (Mar 27 - Apr 16, 1916)
• Battle of Mont Sorrel (June 2-13, 1916)
• Battle of the Somme 
• Battle of Albert (1916) (July 1 - 13, 1916) 
• Battle of Bazentin Ridge ( July 14 - 17, 1916)
• Battle of Fromelles (July 19, 1916)
• Attack on High Woods (July 20-25, 1916)
• Battle of Pozieres (Sept 1-3, 1916)
• Battle of Guillemont (Sept 3-6, 1916)
• Battle of Ginchy (Sept 9, 1916)
• Battle of Fles-Courcelette (Sept 15-22, 1916) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Thiepval Ridge (Sept 26-29, 1916)
• Battle of Le Transloy (Oct 1-18, 1916)
• Battle of Ancre Heights (Oct 1 - Nov 11, 1916)
• The Ancre (Capture of Beaumont Hamel) (Nov 13-18, 1916)
• Action around the Village of Guyencourt (March 1917) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Arras 
• Battle of Vimy Ridge (Apr 9-12, 1917) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• First Scrape (1917) (Apr 9-14, 1917)
• Second Scrape (1917) (Apr 23-24, 1917)
• Attack on La Coulotte (Apr 23, 1917)
• Battle of Arleux (Apr 28-29, 1917)
• Third Scrape (1917) (May 3-4, 1917) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Affairs South of the Souchez River (June 3-25, 1917) 
• Capture of Avion (June 26-29, 1917) 
• Battle of Hill 70 (Aug 15-25, 1917) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Third Battle of Ypres 
• Battle of Messines (June 7-14, 1917) 
• Battle of Pilckem Ridge (July 31 - 3 Aug, 1917) 
• Battle of Langemarck (Aug 16-18, 1917) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Menin Road Ridge (Sept 20-25, 1917) 
• Battle of Polygon Wood (Sept 26 - Oct 3, 1917) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Broodseinde (Oct 4, 1917)
• Battle of Poelscappelle (Oct 9, 1917)
• First Battle of Passchendaele (Oct 12, 1917) 
• Second Battle of Passchendaele (Oct 26 - Nov 10, 1917) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Cambrai (1917) (Nov 20 - Dec 8, 1917) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Action in Macedonia (1915-1917)
• The German Offensives of 1918 
• First Battle of the Somme (1918) 
• St. Quentin (Mar 21-23, 1918)
• Action at the Somme Crossings (Mar 24-25, 1918)
• First Bapaume (Mar 24-25, 1918)
• Rosieres (Mar 26-27, 1918)
• Action over Albert (Mar 27, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• First Arras (1918) (Mar, 28, 1918)
• Battle of Moreuil Wood (Mar 30, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Avre (Apr 4, 1918)
• Capture of Hamel (July 4, 1918)
• Battle of the Lys 
• Estaires (Defence of Givenchy, 1918) (Apr 9-11, 1918)
• Hazebrouck (Apr 12-15, 1918)
• Messines (1918) Loss of Hill 63 (Apr 13-15, 1918)
• First Kemmel Ridge (Apr 17-19, 1918) 
• Action at Gavrelle (Apr 27-28, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Action of La Becque (June 28, 1918)
• Action around Neuville-Vitasse (June 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded 
• Advance to Victory - 1918 
• Battle of Amiens (Aug 8-11, 1918)  *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Action around Parvillers, (Aug13, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Action around Damery (Aug 15-17, 1918)
• Battle of the Scarpe (Aug 26-30, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Advance on the Fresnes-Rouvroy Line (Aug 27-28, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Second Battle of the Somme (1918) 
• Scarpe (1918) Capture of Monchy-le-Preux (Aug 26-30, 1918) 
• Drocourt-Queant Canal (Sept 2-3, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of the Hindenburg Line (1918)
• Havrincourt (Sept 12, 1918)
• Epehy (Sept 18, 1918)
• Canal du Nord (Capture of Bourlon Wood) (Sept 27 - Oct 1, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• St. Quentin Canal (Sept 29 - Oct 2, 1918)
• Beaurevoir Line (Oct 3-5, 1918)
• Cambrai (1918) Capture of Cambrai (Oct 8-9, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Ypres (1918) (Sept 28 - Oct 2, 1918)
• Pursuit of the Selle (Oct 9-12, 1918)
• Battle of Courtrai (Oct 14-19, 1918) 
• Battle of the Selle (Oct 17-25, 1918)
• Action around Canal de L'Escaut (Oct 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of Valenciennes (Nov 1-2, 1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Battle of the Sambre (Nov 4, 1918)
• Passage of the Grande Honnelle (Nov 5-7, 1918)
• Capture of Mons (Nov 11, 1918)
• Mesopotamian Campaign (1914-1918) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Action in Egypt and Palestine (1918)
• West Persia and Caspian Campaign (1918-1919) 
• Murman (1918-1919) 
• Archangel (1918-1919)
• Siberia (198-1919)
• Vladivostok (1918-1919)

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

The Second World War (1939-1945)

• Asian and Pacific Theatre
• Battle of Hong Kong (Dec 8-25, 1941) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• North West Europe 
• Dieppe Raid (Aug 19, 1942) *Victoria Cross Awarded 
• Sicily 
• Landing in Sicily (July 9-12, 1943) 
• Grammicele (July 15, 1943) 
• Valguarnera (July 15-20, 1943)
• Piazza Arminera (July 16-17, 1943)
• Assoro (July 20-22, 1943)
• Leonforte (July 21-22, 1943)
• Agira (July 24-28, 1943) 
• Adrano (July 29 - Aug 7, 1943)
• Catenanuova (July 29-30, 1943) 
• Regalbuto (July 29 - Aug 3, 1943)
• Centuripe (July 31 - Aug 3, 1943)
• Troina Velley (Aug 2-6, 1943)
• Pursuit to Messina (Aug 2-17, 1943)
• North Africa
• Kiska (Aug 7, 1943) 
• Italy
• Landing at Reggio (Sept 3, 1943)
• Potenza (Sept 19-20, 1943)
• Motta Montecorvino (Oct 1-3, 1943)
• Termoli (Oct 3-6, 1943)
• Monte San Marco (Oct 6-7, 1943)
• Gambatesa (Oct 7-8, 1943)
• Campobasso (Oct 11-14, 1943)
• Baranello (Oct 17-18, 1943) 
• Colle d'Anchise (Oct 22-24, 1943)
• Torella (Oct 24-27, 1943)
• Monte Camino (Nov 5 -  Dec 9, 1943)
• The Sangro (Nov 19 -  Dec 3, 1943)
• Castel di Sangro (Nov 23-24, 1943)
• Monte la Difensa and Monte la Remetanea (Dec 2-8, 1943)
• The Moro (Dec 5-7, 1943) 
• San Leonardo  (Dec 8-9, 1943) 
• The Gully (Dec 10-19, 1943)  
• Casa Berardi (Dec 14-15, 1943) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Ortona (Dec 20-29, 1943) 
• San Nicola - San Tommaso (Dec 31, 1943)
• Torre Mucchia: Point 59 (Dec 29, 1943 - Jan 4, 1944)
• Monte Majo (Jan 3-8, 1944) 
• Anzio (Jan 22 - May 22, 1944)
• Cassino II (Ma 11-18, 1944)
• Gustav Line (May 11-18, 1944)
• St. Agnelo in Teodice (May 13, 1944)
• Pignataro (May 13-15, 1944)
• Liri Valley (May 18-30, 1944) 
• Hitler Line (May 18-24, 1944)
• Aquino (May 18-24, 1944)
• Capture of Rome (May 22 - June 4, 1944)
• Advance to the Tiber (May 22 - June 4, 1944) 
• Melfa Crossing (May 24-25, 1944) *Victoria Cross Awarded 
• Ceprano (May 26-27, 1944)
• Torrice Crossroads (May 30, 1944)
• Trasimene Line (June 20-30, 1944)
• Sanfatucchino (June 20-21, 1944)
• Arezzo (July 4-17, 1944)
• Advance to Florence (July 17 - Aug 10, 1944)
• Gothic Line (Aug 25 - Sept 22, 1944)
• Monteciccardo (Aug 27-28, 1944) 
• Montecchio (Aug 30-31, 1944) 
• Point 204 (Aug 31, 1944)
• Monte Luro (Sept 1, 1944) 
• Borgo Santa Maria (Sept 1, 1944) 
• Tomba di Pesaro (Sept 1-2, 1944)
• Misano Ridge (Sept 3-5, 1944)
• Coriano (Sept 3-15, 1944)
• Rimini Line (Sept 14-21, 1944)
• San Martino - San Lorenzo (Sept 14-18, 1944)
• San Fortunato (Sept 18-20, 1944)
• Casale (Sept 23-25, 1944)
• Cerrone (Aug 25-31, 1944)
• Sant'Angelo in Salute (Oct 11-15, 1944)
• Bulgaria Village (Oct 13-14, 1944)
• Monte la Pieve (Oct 13-19, 1944)
• Cesena (Oct 15-20, 1944)
• Pisciatello (Oct 16-19, 1944)
• Monte Spaduro (Oct 19-24, 1944)
• Savio Bridgehead (Oct 20-23, 1944) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Lamone Crossing (Ded 2-13, 1944)
• Capture of Ravenna (Dec 3-4, 1944)
• Naviglio Canal (Dec 12-15, 1944)
• Fosso Cecchio (Dec 16-18, 1944)
• Fosso Munio (Dec 19-21, 1944) 
• Conventello-Comacchio (Jan 2-6, 1945)
• Granarolo (Jan 3-5, 1944)
• Southern France (Aug 1944)
• Iles d'Hyeres
• Grasse
• Villeneuve-Loubet
• Vence
• Drap
• L'Escarene
• La Tubie
• Mentone
• Franco-Italian Border
• North West Europe 
• Normandy Landings (June 6, 1944)
• Authie (June 7, 1944)
• Putot en Bessin (June 8, 1944)
• Bretteville-L'Orgueilleuse (June 8-9, 1944)
• Le Mesnil Patry (June 11, 1944)
• Caen (July 4-18, 1944)
• Carpiquet (July 4-5, 1944)
• The Orne (July 8-9, 1944)
• Buron (July 8-9, 1944)
• Bourguebus Ridge (July 18-23, 1944)
• Faubourg de Vaucelles (July 18-19, 1944)
• St. Andre-sur-Orne (July 19-23, 1944)
• Ifs (July 20-23, 1944)
• Maltot (July 22-23, 1944)
• Verrieres Ridge (July 19-25, 1944)
• Tilly-la-Campagne (July 25, 1944)
• Falaise (Aug 7-22, 1944)
• Falaise Road (Aug 7-9, 1944)
• Racquancourt (Aug 6-8, 1944)
• Quesnay Wood (Aug 10-11, 1944)
• Clair Tizon (Aug 11-14, 1944)
• The Laison (Aug 14-17, 1944)
• Dunkirk (1944) (Sept 8-15, 1944)
• Dives Crossing (Aug 17-20, 1944)
• Chambois (Aug 18-22, 1944)
• St. Lambert sur Dives (Aug 19-22, 1944) *Victoria Cross Awarded
• Seine (1944) (Aug 25-28, 1944)
• Foret de la Londe (Aug 27-29, 1944)
• Moerbrugge (Sept 8-10, 1944)
• Le Havre (Sept 10-12, 1944)
• Moerkerke (Sept 13-14, 1944)
• Boulogne (1944) (Sept, 17-22, 1944)
• Calais (1944) (Sept 17-22, 1944)
• Wynghem (Sept 21-22, 1944)
• Antwerp-Turnhout Canal (Sept 24-29, 1944)
• Battle of the Scheldt (Oct 1 - Nov, 8, 1944)
• Woensdrecht (Oct 1-27, 1944)
• Leopold Canal (Oct 6-16, 1944)
• Savojaards Plaat (Oct 9-10, 1944)
• Breskens Pocket (Oct 11 - Nov 3, 1944)
• The Lower Maas (Oct 20 - Nov 7, 1944)
• South Beveland (Oct 24-31, 1944)
• Walcheren Causeway (Oct 31 - Nov 4, 1944)
• Kapelsche Veer (Dec 31, 1944 - Jan 31, 1945)
• Battle of the Ardennes/Bulge (Jan 16-31, 1945)
• The Rhineland (Feb 8 - Mar 10, 1945)
• The Reichswald (Feb 8-13, 1945)
• Waal Flats (Feb 8-15, 1945)
• Moyland Wood (Feb 14-21, 1945)
• Goch-Calcar Road (Feb 19-21, 1945)
• The Hochwald (Feb 24 - Mar 4, 1945) *Victoria Cross Awarded 
• Mooshof (Feb 25-26, 1945) *Victoria Cross Awarded 
• Veen (Mar 6-10, 1945)
• Xanten (Mar 8-9, 1945)
• The Rhine (Mar 25 - Apr 1, 1945) *Victoria Cross Awarded 
• Emmerich-Hoch Elten (Mar 28-Apr 1, 1945)
• Twente Canal (Apr 2-4, 1945)
• Zutphen (Apr 6-8, 1945)
• Deventer (Apr 8-11, 1945)
• Liberation of Apeldoorn (Apr 11-17, 1945)
• Liberation of Groningen (Apr 13-16, 1945)
• Friesoythe (Apr 14, 1945)
• Ijsselmeer (Apr 15-18, 1945)
• Kusten Canal (Apr 17-24, 1945)
• Wagenborgen (Apr 21-23, 1945)
• Delfzijl Pocket (Apr 23 - May 2, 1945)
• Bad Zwischenahn (Apr 25 - May 4, 1945) 
• Oldenburg (Apr 27 - May 4, 1945)
• Leer (Apr 28-29, 1945)

Operation Poland 1945 (Oct-Nov 1945)

Operation TOKYO - Japan (Jul-Sep 1947)

Operation India & Pakistan 1947 (Oct-Nov 1947)

Operation ORIENT - China (1949)

Operation Jamaica 1951 (Aug-1951)

Operation Italy 1951 (Nov 1951)

Operation WET FOOT - Netherlands (Feb 1953)

The Korean War (1950-1953)

Operation LEAP FROG - West Germany (1952-1953)

Operation NIMBLE BAT - West Germany (1952-1953)

Operation Guatemala 1954 (Jun-Jul 1954)

Operation India 1954 (July-1954)

Operation India & Pakistan 1955 (Dec 1955)

Operation Greece 1956 (Jul-1956)

Operation Hungary 1956 (Oct-Nov 1956)

Operation India 1956 (1956)

Operation MAGNIFICENT - West Germany (Feb 1957)

Operation Ceylon 1957 - Ceylon (Sri Lanka pre-1972) (1957-1958)

Operation JUMP MOAT - Belgium (1957-1958)

Operation WESTERN WEAR - Europe (Sept-Oct 1959)

Operation Morocco 1959 (1959-1960)

Operation Morocco 1960 (Mar-1960)

Operation Chili 1960 (May-Jun 1960)

Operation Congo 1960 (Jul-Aug 1960)

Operations des Nations Unis au Congo (ONUC) -  Republic of Congo (1960-1964)

Operation MALLARD - Republic of Congo (1960)

Operation WESTERN WEFT - France (Apr-Aug 1962)

Operation WESTERN WEAL - Greece (May-Aug 1962)

Operation Belize 1961 - (Nov-1961)

Operation Haiti 1963 (May 1963)

Operation East Pakistan 1963 - (Jun-1963)

Operation Belize 1963 - (Sept-1963)

Operation India & Pakistan 1965 (Sept-1965)

Operation NIMBLE - Zambia (1965-1966)

DOMREP - Dominican Republic (1965-1966)

Operation PELI PELI - Republic of the Congo (Nov-1967)

Operation Nigeria 1968 (Aug-1968)

Operation BLUENOSE - Nigeria (Oct-Dec 1968)

Operation Nigeria 1969 (Nov-1969) *Operation planned, never deployed for unknown reasons

Operation Peru (Jun-Jul 1970)

Operation Pakistan 1970 (Nov 1970)

Observer Team Nigeria (1968-1970)

Operation India 1971-I (Jun-Jul 1971)

Operation India 1971-II (Jul-Aug 1971)

Operation India 1971-III (Oct 1971)

Operation Caribbean 1972 - (June-1972)

Operation Guyana 1972 ( June-1972)

Operation Nicaragua 1972 (Dec-1972)

Operation CANAMIGO - Venezuela (1972)

Operation PEACE WINGS - United States and Canada (1970-1972)

Operation Ecuador 1973 - (Apr-1973)

Operation Grenada 1974 (Jan-Feb 1974)

Operation Grand Turk Island 1974 (Jun-1974)

Operation Honduras 1974 (Sept-Oct 1974)

Operation Guam 1975 (May-1975)

The Vietnam War (1954-1975)

• ICSC Laos-I (1954-1958)
• ICSC Cambodia (1954-1969)
• Operation GALLANT (1973)
• Operation WESTPLOY (1973)
• ICSC Vietnam (1954-1973)
• ICSC Laos-II (1961-1974)

Operation Lebanon 1975 (Oct-Nov 1975)

Operation Guatemala 1976 (Feb-Mar 1976)

Operation DOLOMITE - Italy (May-Jun 1976)

Operation Guyana 1977 (Jul-1977)

Operation ANGORA - Lebanon (1978) *UNIFIL

Operation MAGNET-I - Vietnam (Nov-Dec 1978)

Operation BATON - Iran (1978-1979)

Operation ABALONE - St. Vincent (Apr-1979)

Operation OXIDE - Rhodesia and Zimbabwe (1980)

Operation MAGNET-II - Vietnam (1979-1981)

Operation MAGNET-III - Vietnam (Jan-Apr-1981)

Operation Grenada 1983 (Oct-1983)

Operation Ethiopia 1985 (Feb-1985)

Operation Mexico 1985 (Sept-1985)

Operation Columbia 1985 (Nov-1985)

Operation Ethiopia 1985 (1985)

Operation Libya 1986 (Apr-1986)

Operation DRAGON BREATH - China (June 1987)

Operation BANDIT - Haiti (Jan-Feb 1988)

Operation NILE - Ethiopia (Jun-Sep 1988)

Operation Jamaica 1988 (Sept-Oct 1988)

Operation MACEDOINE - Armenia (Dec-1988)

Operation China 1989 (Jun-1989)

Operation Dominica 1989 - Commonwealth of Dominica (Jul-1989)

Operation Dominican Republic 1989 - (Apr-Jun 1989)

Operation HUGO - Montserrat and Nevis (Sept-Oct 1989)

Operation Jamaica 1989 (1989)

Operation Haiti 1989 (1989)

Operation MATADOR - Namibia (1989-1990) *UNTAG

Operation HERRITAGE - Haiti (Dec-1990) *Electoral Observers and Security

Operation SALON - Oka, Quebec (1990) *Oka Crisis Response

Operation VEGABOND  - Iran and Iraq (1988-1991) *UNIIMOG

Operation ANCHOR GUARD - Turkey (1990-1991)

Operation UNIQUE - Goose Bay (1989-1991) *Security from Anti-NATO flight Training Protesters

Operation Peru (Jun 1991)

Operation PRESERVE - Ethiopia (1991)

Operation Mexico 1991 (Mar 1991)

The First Gulf War (1990-1991)

• Operation FRICTION - Kuwait, Iraq, Persian Gulf (1990-1991)
• Operation SCALPEL - Field Hospital (1990-1991)
• Operation SCIMITAR - Kuwait, Iraq, Persian Gulf (1990-1991) *RCAF Contribution

Operation REGARD - Iraq, Turkey, and Iran (Apr-Jun 1991)

Operation ASSIST - Iraq, Turkey, and Iran (Apr-Jun 1991)

Operation TEMPEST - United States (Sept-Oct 1992)

Operation ESCORT - Haiti (1991-1992)

Operation MARQUIS - Cambodia (1991-1992) *UNAMIC

Operation Mexico 1992 (Apr 1992) *Repeat of Mexico 1991 Mission

Operation SULTAN - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatamala, Honduras, and Nicaragua (1989-1992)

Operation Mexico 1993 (Apr 1993) *Repeat of Mexico 1991 & 1992 Missions

Operation FIREFLY - Eritria (Sept-Oct 1993)

Operation DENY FLIGHT - Bosnia-Herzegovina (1993)

Operation RELIEF - Somalia (1992-1993)

Operation PASTEL - Angola (1991-1993) *UNAVEM II

Operation CAULDRON - Haiti (Oct-1993) *UNMIH

OSGAP - Afghanistan and Pakistan (1990-1993)

Operation DELIVERANCE - Somalia (1992-1993) *Somalia Affair

Operation MARITIME GUARD - Former Yugoslavia (1992-1993)

Operation Mexico 1994 (Apr 1994) *Repeat of Mexico 1991, 1992, & 1993 Missions

Operation PYTHON - Western Sahara (1991-1994) *MINURSO

Operation MATCH - El Salvador (1991-1994) *ONUSAL

Operation BOLSTER - Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina (1991-1994)

Commonwealth Peacekeeping Assistance Group - South Africa (1994)

Operation Nepal 1994 (Feb 1994)

Operation CADENCE - Dominican Republic (Sept 1994)

Operation DIALOGUE - Haiti (Sept-Oct 1994)

Operation FORWARD ACTION - Haiti (1993-1994)

Operation LANCE - Uganda and Rwanda (1993-1994) *UNOMUR

Operation HARMONY - The Balkans (1992-1995) *UNPROFOR & UNPF

Operation CAVALIER - The Balkans (1992-1995) *UNPROFOR & UNPF

Operation MANDARIN - The Balkans (1992-1995)

Operation SHARPE GUARD - Naval Blockade of Former Yugoslavia (1992-1996) *NATO

Operation CONSONANCE - Mozambique (1993-1995) *ONUMOZ

Operation COBRA - Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina (1994-1995)

Operation Mexico 1995 (Mar-Apr 1995) *Repeat of Mexico 1991, 1992, 1993, & 1994 Missions

Operation Costa Rica 1995 (Jun-1995)

Operation DELIBERATE FORCE - Former Yugoslavia (Aug-Sept 1995)

Operation PROVIDE COMFORT - Iraq (1991-1996)

Operation ALLIANCE - Former Yugoslavia (1995-1996)

Operation NYLON - Austria (1995-1996)

Operation DECISIVE ENDEAVOR - Former Yugoslavia (1995-1996)

Operation LEGATION - Zaire (Nov-Dec 1996)

Operation ASSURANCE - Rwanda and Zaire (Nov-Dec 1996)

Operation STANDARD - Haiti  (Jun-Sept 1996) *UNSMIH

Operation PREVENTION - Persian Gulf (Feb-Aug 1997)

Operation STABLE - Haiti (1996-1997) *UNSMIH

Operation CONSTABLE - Haiti (Jul-Nov 1997) *UNTMIH

Operation MIRADOR - Former Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Herzegovina) (1997)

Operation VISION - Guatemala (1997) *MINUGUA

Operation ASSISTANCE (1997) - Red River Floor Relief, Alberta

Operation PERSISTENCE - Atlantic Ocean (Sept 1998) *SwissAir Flight 111

Operation CENTRAL - Honduras (Nov-Dec 1998) *DART Deployment

Operation  DETERMINATION - Persian and Arabian Gulf (1998)

Operation PRESERVATION - Kosovo (1998)

Operation DESERT THUNDER I & II - Iraq (1998)

Operation DELIBERATE GUARD - Former Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Herzegovina) (1996-1998)

Operation CONNECTION-I - Kenya (1997-1998)

Operation BISON - Italy (1997-1998)

Operation RECUPERATION - Eastern Canada (1998) *Ice Storm Assistance

Operation PRUDENCE - Central African Republic (1998-1999) *MINURCA

Operation TANGO - Western Sahara (1998-1999)

Operation GUARANTOR - Kosovo (1998-1999)

Operation PANDA - Papua New Guinea - (1998-1999) *Deployment Planned and Cancelled

Operation Haiti 1999 - (Jan-1999)

Operation PYRAMID - British Columbia (1999) *Snow Storm Assistance

Operation KAYAK - Kosovo (Jan-Mar 1999)

Operation MIKADO - Albania and Macedonia (Apr-1999)

Operation CONTACT - Croatia (Jul-Aug 1999)

Operation PARASOL - Kosovo (1999)

Operation ALLIED FORCE - Kosovo (1999) *NATO Air Campaign

Operation TORRENT - Turkey (1999) *DART Deployment after Earthquake

Operation CONNECTION-II - Albania (1999)

Operation CHARITABLE - Caribbean (1999) *Deployment Planned and Cancelled

Operation ABACUS (1999-2000) *Y2K Preparations

Operation RECONFIGURATION (1999-2000) *Y2K Migration from Banyan to Windows

Operation FORUM - Iraq (1991-2000) *UNSCOM

Cambodian Mine Operation Centre (1993-2000)

Operation ECHO - SFOR and KFOR (1998-2000)

Operation QUARTZ- Guatemala (1998-2000)

Operation MEMORIA - France (1998-2000) *Repatriation of the Unknown Soldier

Operation KINETIC - Kosovo and Macedonia (1999-2000)

UNCMAC - South Korea (1953-2000)

Operation MEGAPHONE - Atlantic Ocean (2000)

Operation Mozambique 2000 (Mar-2000)

Operation COMPLIMENT - Haiti (1997-2000) *MIPONUH

Operation TOUCAN - East Timor (1999-2001) *UNTAET

Operation CHAPERON - Croatia (1996-2001) *UNMOP

Operation ARTISAN - Albania (2000-2001)

Operation CONNECTION-III - Kenya (2000-2001)

Operation ECLIPSE - Ethiopia and Erithia (2000-2001) *UNMEE

Operation RECORD - Iraq and Kuwait (1991-2001) *UNIKOM

Operation El Salvador 2001 (Jan-2001)

Operation HUMBLE - Haiti (May 2001)

Operation SUPPORT - Canada (Sept-2001) *Post 9/11 actions

Operation AUGMENTATION - Persian Gulf  (1999-2001)

Operation FORAGE - Macedonia (2001-2002)

Operation AMBER FOX - Macedonia (2001-2002)

Operation IMAGE - Italy, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo (2001-2002)

Operation EAGLE ASSIST - North America (2001-2002)

Operation QUADRANT - Kosovo (1999-2002)

Operation Belize 2002 - (Feb 2002)

Operation TAY BRIDGE - United Kingdom (Mar-Apr 2002)

Operation GRIZZLY - (2002) *G8 Security

Operation SUDAN - Sudan (Mar-Apr 2003)

Operation IRAQI FREEDOM  - Iraq (Mar-May 2003) *Logistical Support For US Operation IRIS

Operation IRIS - Iraq (Jun-2003)

Operation CARAVAN - Democratic Republic of Congo (2003)

Operation LIANE - Liberia (Sept-Nov 2003) *UNMIL

Operation PEREGRINE - British Columbia (2003) *Forest Fire Assistance

Operation FUSION - Macedonia (Mar-May 2003)

Operation ADDITION - Ethiopia and Erithia (2000-2003) *UNMEE

Operation NORTHERN WATCH - Iraq (1997-2003)

Operation SOLITUDE - West Africa (2003-2004)

Operation DISTINGUISHED GAMES - Greece (2004 Olympics)

Operation GLAUDUS - Greece (2004 Olympics)

Operation PRINCIPAL - Haiti (Feb-Mar 2004)

Operation HALO - Haiti (2004) *MINUSTAH

Operation PALLADIUM - Bosnia-Herzegovina (1995-2004)

Operation SIRIUS - Mediterranean (2004-2005)

Operation STRUCTURE -Sri Lanka (2004-2005) *DART Deployment

Operation HUDSON SENTINEL (Aug-2005)

Operation UNISON - United States (Sep-2005)

Operation PLATEAU - South Asia (2005) *DART Deployment

Operation REPTILE - Sierra Leone (1999-2005) *UNAMSIL

Operation CANOPY - Kashechewan, Ontario (2005)

Operation DANACA - Golan Heights (1974-2006) *UNDOF

Operation LANCASTER (Aug-2006)

Operation LION - Cyprus and Lebanon (2006)

Operation CHABANEL - South Atlantic (Apr-May 2006)

Operation NORWHAL (Apr-2007)

Operation Jamaica 2007 (Aug-2007)

Operation BOREAS - Bosnia-Herzegovina (2004-2007)

Operation IOLAUS - Iraq (2004-2007) *UNAMI

Operation HURRICANE (1982-2007) *Monthly Exercise, to high Arctic (renamed OP NEVUS)

Operation AUGURAL - Sudan (2005-2008) *AMIS

Operation UNIFY (Aug-2008)

Operation HORATIO - Haiti (2008)

Operation ALTAIR - Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea (2004-2008)

Operation TATOU - Trinidad and Tobago (2009)

Operation SEXTANT - Mediterranean Sea (2006-2009)

Operation HESTIA - Haiti (2010)

Operation CADENCE (II) (Jun-2010) *G8 Summit Security

Operation LAMA - Newfoundland (Sep-2010) *Hurricane Assistance

Operation PODIUM (2010 Vancouver Olympics)

Operation BRONZE -Bosnia-Herzegovina (2004-2010)

Operation LUSTRE - Manitoba (May-2011) *Flood Assistance

Operation LYRE (Jul-2011)

Operation FORGE - Ontario (Jul-2011) *Forest Fire Assistance

Operation LOTUS - Quebec (2011) *Lake Champlain and Richelieu River Flood Assistance

Operation SAFARI - Sudan (2004-2011)

Operation JAGUAR - Jamaica (2011)

Operation MOBILE - Libya (2011)

Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR - Mediterranean (2011-2012)

Operation SAIPH - Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea (2009-2012)

Operation SCULPTURE - Sierra Leone (2000-2013)

Operation LENTUS - Alberta (Jun-2013) *Flood Assistance

Operation RENAISSANCE - The Philippines (2013)

Operation IGNITION - Iceland (2011 & 2013)

Operation LENTUS-14 - Kashechewan and Fort Albany, Ontario (May 2014) *Flood Assistance

Operation LENTUS-14-2 - Kashechewan, Ontario (May 2014) *Flood Assistance

Operation LENTUS-14-3 - Attawapiskat, Ontario (May 2014) *Flood Assistance

Operation LENTUS-14-5 - Manatoba (July 2014) *Flood Assistance

Operation SERVAL - Mali (2012-2014)

The War in Afghanistan (2001-2014)

• Operation APOLLO (2001-2003)
• Operation ACCIUS (2002-2005) *UNAMA
• Operation ARCHER (2006)
• Operation KEEPING GOODWILL (2007) *Also known as Operation KHAR KHOWHAI
• Operation ARGUS (2005-2008)
• Operation ATHENA (2003-2011) *ISAF
• Operation ATTENTION (2011-2014)

Operation OPEN SPIRIT - Latvia (May-2014)

Operation BOXTOP - CFS Alert (1950- Present) *Biannual replenishment Operation

Operation NIJMEGEN - Netherlands (1952-Present) *Annual Memorial March

Operation JADE - UNTSO - Middle East - (1954- Present)

Operation SNOWGOOSE - Cyprus (1964-Present)

Operation PROTEUS - Jerusalem (1960s?)-Present)

Operation PALACI - Rogers Pass, British Colmbia (1965?-Present) *Assistance to Parks Canada

Operation CALUMET - Sinai Peninsula (1981-Present)

Operation QUESTION - Eastern Europe (Former Warsaw Pact Countries) (1992-Present)

Operation VERIFY - Eastern Europe (Former Warsaw Pact Countries) (1992-Present)

Operation REDUCTION - Eastern Europe (Former Warsaw Pact Countries) (1992-Present)

Operation DRIFTNET - Various Locations (1993-Present) *Support to Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Operation OPEN VIEW - Various Locations (1997-Present)

Operation MENTOR - Former Yugoslavia and Region (1997-Present)

Operation VIKING - Denmark (1997-Present)

Operation KOBOLD - Kosovo (1999-Present) *Part of NATO Operation JOINT GUARD

Operation CROCODILE - Democratic Republic of Congo (2000-Present)

Operation FOUNDATION - Bahrain, Qatar, Jordan, and Djibouti (2002-Present)

Operation NOBLE EAGLE (One) - North America (2001-Present)

Operation ACTIVE SKIES - Canada (2002-Present)

Operation HAMLET - Haiti (2004-Present)

Operation GLADUS - Golan Heights (2006-Present)

Operation SATURN - Darfur (2007-Present)* Ongoing but no current Deployments

Operation NUNALIVUT - Arctic (2007-Present) *Annual Sovereignty Operation

Operation NEVUS - High Arctic (2008-Present) *Annual Monthly Operation

Operation SOPRANO - South Sudan (2011-Present)

Operation METRIC - Mediterranean Sea (2012-Present) * Ongoing but no current Deployments

Operation SIRONA - Sierra Leone (2014-Present)

Operation ARTEMIS - Arabian Sea (2014-Present)

Operation REASSURANCE - Eastern Europe (2014-Present)

Operation IMPACT - Iraq (2014-Present)

Operation POSEIDON - Canadian Boarder (Ongoing)*Support to CBSA and RCMP

Operation CANTON - Ontario (Ongoing) *Emergency Support to EMO